The Sweet Spot: Credit & Real Estate (Tier 3)

For decades, this has been the "retirement code." You act like a bank (BDCs) or a landlord (REITs). The yields are high (8-10%), but you must understand the tax bill.

Key Takeaways

  • Pass-Through Entities: These companies avoid corporate tax by paying out 90% of taxable income to you.
  • The Trade-off: You pay ordinary income tax rates on these dividends (not the lower capital gains rate).
  • BDCs (Business Development Companies): You lend money to medium-sized businesses. You are the bank.
  • REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts): You own commercial property (Cell towers, Data centers, Warehouses).

Why We Call It "The Sweet Spot"

Tier 3 offers the highest fundamental yields available. Unlike Tier 4 (Options) which manufactures yield, Tier 3 yields come from actual profits paid by real borrowers and tenants.
However, these assets are interest rate sensitive.

BDCs (The Lenders)

They lend to companies too big for a bank but too small for an IPO.

Examples:
  • MAIN (Main Street Capital): The "Blue Chip" BDC. Pays monthly.
  • ARCC (Ares Capital): The largest BDC by market cap.

REITs (The Landlords)

They own physical real estate and collect rent checks.

Examples:
  • O (Realty Income): "The Monthly Dividend Company."
  • VICI: Owns Las Vegas casinos (Caesars, MGM).
  • PLD: Industrial warehouses (Amazon is a tenant).

The Risk: Rates & Recessions

Interest Rates: When Fed rates rise, borrowing gets expensive. BDCs usually benefit (floating rate loans), but REITs suffer (higher debt costs).
Recessions: If the economy tanks, tenants stop paying rent and borrowers default. Tier 3 falls harder than Tier 2 in a crash.

The Golden Rule of Tier 3

"Buy the manager, not the yield."
In this tier, management quality is everything. A bad BDC manager will lend to risky companies to juice the yield, eventually leading to loan defaults and a dividend cut. Stick to the "Blue Chips" (MAIN, O, ARCC, VICI) until you are an expert.

Related Glossary Terms